:root {
  --clr1: #e300ff; /* Primary - Deep Pink */
  --clr2: #f875a6; /* Accent - Coral */
  --clr3: #000000; /* Paragraph Text - Black */
  --bg-light: #fcff67; /* Page Background - Light Yellow */
}
/* ────────────────────────────────────────
   Urbanist & Mitchaella Modern Free fonts
   ──────────────────────────────────────── */

/* --- Urbanist — Regular (400) ---------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Regular.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Italic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — Thin (100) ------------------------------------------ */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Thin";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Thin.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 100;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Thin";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-ThinItalic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 100;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — SemiBold (600) ------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-SemiBold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-SemiBold.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-SemiBold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-SemiBoldItalic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — Bold (700) ------------------------------------------ */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Bold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Bold.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 700;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Bold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-BoldItalic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 700;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — ExtraBold (800) ------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-ExtraBold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-ExtraBold.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 800;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-ExtraBold";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-ExtraBoldItalic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 800;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — Black (900) ----------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Black";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Black.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 900;
  font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist-Black";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-BlackItalic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: 900;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Urbanist — Variable (weight) ----------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-VariableFont_wght.ttf") format("truetype-variations");
  font-weight: 100 900; /* allows any weight between 100–900 */
  font-style: normal;
}

/* --- Urbanist — Italic Variable (weight) --------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Urbanist";
  src: url("fonts/Urbanist-Italic-VariableFont_wght.ttf") format("truetype-variations");
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Mitchaella Modern Free ---------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Mitchaella Modern Free";
  src: url("fonts/Mitchaella%20Modern%20Free.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
}

/* --- AmsterdamFour --- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "AmsterdamFour";
  src: url("fonts/AmsterdamFourTtf-owMx4.ttf") format("truetype");
}

/* -------- Headings ---------------------------------------- */
/* h1 – Mitchaella Modern Free */
h1,
.hero-name, /* if you use this class as a big heading elsewhere */
.navbar .brand {   /* brand is usually an h1 in navbars */
  font-family: "Mitchaella Modern Free", sans-serif;
}

/* h2‑h4 – Urbanist SemiBold (or Italic when needed) */
h2, h3, h4,
.hero-role,
.split-role,
.section-title {
  font-family: "Urbanist-SemiBold", sans-serif;
}

/* -------- Body ---------------------------------------- */
/* Default body text – Urbanist Regular */
body,
p,
li,
span,
blockquote,
input,
textarea,
label,
.button, .submit-button { /* buttons often inherit body font */
  font-family: "Urbanist", sans-serif;
}

/* Override for specific elements */
.hero-intro,
.split-intro,
.excerpt,
.resume-container p,
.contact-hero p,
.blog-hero p {
  font-family: "Urbanist", sans-serif; /* same as body, but kept explicit */
}

body,
html {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: "Urbanist", Arial, sans-serif;
  background: var(--bg-light);
  color: var(--clr3);
  height: 100vh;
}
/* ────────────────────────────────────────
   Navbar styles: base + responsive hamburger menu
   ──────────────────────────────────────── */
/* Base navbar */
.navbar {
  background: var(--clr1);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between; /* space between brand and nav */
  padding: 1.2rem 1rem;
  position: relative;
}

/* Brand (optional) */
.navbar .brand {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.09rem;
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

/* Nav list (desktop layout) */
.nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.nav-list li {
  margin: 0 1.35rem;
}
.nav-list a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.09rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}
.nav-list a.active,
.nav-list a:hover {
  color: var(--clr2);
}

/* Hamburger button (hidden on desktop) */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none; /* becomes visible on small screens */
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: #fff;
}

/* Hamburger icon */
.nav-toggle .hamburger {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 26px;
  height: 2px;
  background: #fff;
  position: relative;
}
.nav-toggle .hamburger::before,
.nav-toggle .hamburger::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  width: 26px;
  height: 2px;
  background: #fff;
}
.nav-toggle .hamburger::before {
  top: -8px;
}
.nav-toggle .hamburger::after {
  top: 8px;
}

/* Mobile styles */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Show hamburger */
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  /* Hide the horizontal nav-list by default */
  .nav-list {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--clr1);
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    z-index: 40;
  }
  .nav-list li {
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
  }

  /* When open, show vertical menu */
  .nav-list.open {
    display: flex;
  }
}
.hero-section {
  min-height: 89vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-content {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 3rem 1em;
}
.hero-hi {
  color: var(--clr2);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
}
.hero-name {
  color: var(--clr1);
  font-size: 2.85rem;
  font-family: "Mitchaella Modern Free", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin: 0.25em 0 0.13em 0;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
}
.hero-role {
  color: var(--clr2);
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.hero-intro {
  color: #535353;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
}
.hero-contact a {
  color: var(--clr1);
  background: var(--clr3);
  padding: 0.37em 1.1em;
  border-radius: 2em;
  margin: 0 3px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.15s;
}
.hero-contact a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--clr2);
}
.container {
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 2rem auto;
  background: #f9f7ff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 40px #733bff18;
  padding: 2rem 2.5rem;
}

/* ===== Split Hero Layout ===== */
.hero-split {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 65px); /* full-height minus navbar */
  padding: 2rem;
  gap: 3rem;
  background: var(--bg-light);
}

.split-img img {
  width: 280px;
  height: 280px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: solid 6px var(--clr1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
.split-img img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.split-text {
  max-width: 550px;
  text-align: left;
}
.split-hi {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--clr2);
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
}
.split-name {
  font-size: 2.6rem;
  color: var(--clr1);
  margin: 0.15em 0 0.1em 0;
  letter-spacing: 1.3px;
}
.split-role {
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  color: var(--clr2);
  margin-bottom: 0.8em;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.split-intro {
  color: #444;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-bottom: 1.6em;
}
.split-contact a {
  color: var(--clr1);
  background: var(--clr3);
  padding: 0.35em 1em;
  border-radius: 2em;
  margin-right: 4px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.15s;
}
.split-contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px; /* Space between links and icons */
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

/* Base styles for the icon links */
.split-contact-icon-link {
  color: var(--clr1); /* Default icon color */
  background: var(--clr3); /* Background for the icon */
  padding: 0.35em 1em; /* Padding around the icon */
  border-radius: 2em;
  font-size: 2.5rem; /* Size of the icon itself */
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.15s;
  display: flex; 
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.split-contact-icon-link:hover {
  background: var(--clr2);
  color: #fff;
}

/* If you still want the separator, style it or hide it based on context */
.split-contact .separator {
  color: #555;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  padding: 0 5px;
}

/* Mobile stack */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero-split {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .split-text {
    text-align: center;
  }
  .split-img img {
    width: 220px;
    height: 220px;
  }
}
body.home-bg {
  margin: 0;
  background: url("images/MW_background.jpg") no-repeat center/cover fixed;
  color: #fff;
  min-height: 100vh;
}
/* --- Resume Page Styles --- */

/* Main container for the resume content */
.resume-container {
  max-width: 900px; /* Adjust as needed for width */
  margin: 3rem auto; /* Center the resume and give some top/bottom margin */
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem; /* Internal padding for content */
  background: #fff; /* White background for the resume card */
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); /* Soft shadow for a sleek look */
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Header section with name and contact info */
.resume-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.resume-name {
  font-size: 2.8rem;
  font-family: "Mitchaella Modern Free", Arial, sans-serif;
  color: var(--clr1); /* Your primary color */
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.contact-info {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #555;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.contact-info a {
  color: var(--clr1);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-info a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: var(--clr2); /* Your secondary color for hover */
}

/* Download PDF button styling */
.download-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  background-color: var(--clr1); /* Primary color */
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border: 2px solid var(--clr1);
}

.download-btn:hover {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--clr1);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(227, 0, 255, 0.3);
}

/* General section styling for headings */
.resume-section {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: var(--clr1);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--clr2); /* A strong accent line */
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Professional Experience and Education entry styles */
.job-entry,
.education-entry {
  margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
}

.job-title,
.degree-title {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #333;
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem 0;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.job-org,
.institution {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #666;
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.job-dates {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #888;
  margin: 0 0 0.8rem 0;
  font-style: italic;
}

.job-entry ul,
.education-entry ul {
  list-style: disc;
  margin-left: 1.5rem;
  padding-left: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #444;
}

.job-entry li,
.education-entry li {
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.key-achievements {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--clr1);
  margin-top: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.relevant-courses {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #555;
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Skills and Competencies sections */
.skills-section p,
.competencies-section p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #444;
}

.skills-list {
  background: var(--bg-light); /* Light background for skill list */
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #333;
}

.competencies-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap; /* Allows columns to wrap on smaller screens */
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.competencies-grid ul {
  list-style: none; /* Remove bullet points */
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  flex: 1; /* Allow columns to grow and shrink */
  min-width: 250px; /* Ensure columns don't get too narrow */
}

.competencies-grid li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1.5rem; /* Space for custom bullet */
  position: relative;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #444;
}

.competencies-grid li::before {
  content: "▪"; /* Custom bullet point */
  color: var(--clr2); /* Use accent color for bullet */
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  line-height: 1;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .resume-container {
    margin: 2rem 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .resume-name {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }

  .job-title,
  .degree-title {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
  }

  .job-org,
  .institution {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .competencies-grid {
    flex-direction: column; /* Stack columns vertically on mobile */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .resume-container {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .contact-info {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.3rem;
  }
  .contact-info a {
    display: block;
  }
  .skills-list {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.8rem;
  }
}
/* --- Contact Page Styles --- */

/* Main container for the contact page */
.contact-container {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 3rem auto;
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Hero section for the contact page */
.contact-hero {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.contact-title {
  font-size: 2.8rem;
  font-family: "Mitchaella Modern Free", Arial, sans-serif;
  color: var(--clr1);
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.contact-description {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: #555;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 1rem auto 0 auto;
}

/* Subtitles for sections (e.g., Direct Contact, Send a Message) */
.section-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: var(--clr1);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--clr2);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Direct Contact Information Section */
.contact-details-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.contact-item {
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--bg-light); /* Light background for each item */
  padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.contact-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px); /* Subtle lift on hover */
}

.contact-item i {
  /* Icons for contact details */
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--clr2); /* Accent color for icons */
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  display: block; /* Center the icon */
}

.contact-item h3 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #333;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
}

.contact-item p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #555;
  margin: 0;
}

.contact-item a {
  color: var(--clr1);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-item a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: var(--clr2);
}

/* Contact Form Section */
.contact-form .form-group {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.contact-form label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-form input[type="text"],
.contact-form input[type="email"],
.contact-form textarea {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #333;
  background: #fdfdfd;
  box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding in width */
  transition:
    border-color 0.2s ease,
    box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.contact-form input[type="text"]:focus,
.contact-form input[type="email"]:focus,
.contact-form textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--clr1);
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(115, 59, 255, 0.2); /* Soft focus ring */
}

.contact-form textarea {
  resize: vertical; /* Allow vertical resizing only */
  min-height: 120px;
}

.submit-button {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--clr1); /* Primary color for button */
  color: #fff;
  padding: 1rem 2.5rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 2em;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition:
    background-color 0.2s ease,
    transform 0.2s ease;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.submit-button:hover {
  background-color: var(--clr2); /* Accent color on hover */
  transform: translateY(-2px); /* Slight lift */
}

/* Responsive adjustments for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .contact-container {
    margin: 2rem 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .contact-title {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }

  .contact-details-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Stack contact items vertically */
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .contact-container {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .contact-description {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .submit-button {
    width: 100%; /* Full width button on small screens */
    padding: 0.8rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}
/* --- Footer Styles --- */

.site-footer {
  background-color: #222; /* Dark background for contrast */
  color: #ccc;
  padding: 2.5rem 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-top: 4rem; /* Provides space between content and footer */
}

.footer-content {
  max-width: 900px; /* Align with your main content width */
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column; /* Stack elements vertically by default */
  align-items: center; /* Center items horizontally when stacked */
  gap: 1.2rem; /* Space between the copyright, links, and social */
}

.footer-links a,
.social-links a {
  color: #ccc;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.footer-links a:hover,
.social-links a:hover {
  color: var(--clr2); /* Use your accent color for hover */
}

.footer-separator {
  margin: 0 8px; /* Space around the bullet point */
  color: #666;
}

.social-links a {
  margin: 0 10px; /* Space between social icons */
  display: inline-block; /* Allows padding and consistent sizing */
}

.social-links svg {
  width: 28px; /* Size of the SVG icons */
  height: 28px;
  fill: #ccc; /* Default icon color */
  transition: fill 0.2s ease;
}

.social-links a:hover svg {
  fill: var(--clr2); /* Icon color on hover */
}

/* Responsive adjustments for the footer */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .footer-content {
    flex-direction: row; /* On larger screens, arrange in a row */
    justify-content: space-between; /* Space out elements */
    align-items: center; /* Vertically align items */
    gap: 0; /* Remove gap when in row layout */
  }

  .footer-links {
    order: 2; /* Move links to the center */
    flex-grow: 1; /* Allow links to take available space */
    text-align: center;
  }

  .social-links {
    order: 3; /* Move social links to the right */
  }

  .site-footer p {
    /* Copyright text */
    order: 1; /* Move copyright to the left */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .footer-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column; /* Stack footer links vertically */
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .footer-links .footer-separator {
    display: none; /* Hide separators when links are stacked */
  }
}
/* ============================
   Media cards, thumbnails & responsive layout
   Consolidated and deterministic
   ============================ */

/* Card base */
.news-card,
.writing-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Card link acts as card content layout: thumbnail + body (row on desktop, column on mobile) */
.news-link,
.writing-link,
.card-link {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

/* Thumbnail wrapper: aspect-ratio box using padding-bottom technique */
.thumb-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 260px; /* desktop thumbnail max width inside card */
  flex: 0 0 260px; /* base thumbnail width on desktop */
  height: 0;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 */
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #eee;
  display: block;
}

/* Small variant for tighter lists (overrides flex basis) */
.thumb-small {
  max-width: 160px;
  flex: 0 0 160px;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%;
}

/* Image inside wrapper: show whole image by default (no crop) */
.thumb-wrap img,
.news-thumb,
.writing-thumb {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0; /* top:0; right:0; bottom:0; left:0 */
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain; /* <-- show entire image with letterboxing */
  object-position: center;
  display: block;
  background: #eee;
}

/* If you want a cropped thumbnail for specific cases, add thumb-cover to wrapper */
.thumb-cover img {
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* Card body */
.news-body,
.writing-body,
.card-body {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
}

/* Titles & meta */
.news-title,
.writing-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem 0;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.news-source,
.writing-meta {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.news-excerpt,
.writing-excerpt {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #333;
}

/* Grid for writing cards (desktop) */
.writing-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Responsive breakpoints: switch card layout to stacked on smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  /* Cards stack vertically: thumbnail above text */
  .news-link,
  .writing-link,
  .card-link {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  /* Make thumbnails full width when stacked */
  .news-thumb-wrap,
  .writing-thumb-wrap,
  .thumb-wrap,
  .thumb-small {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    flex: none;
    padding-bottom: 56.25%;
  }

  /* Writing grid becomes single column */
  .writing-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Very small screens: slightly taller thumbnails for readability */
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .news-link,
  .writing-link {
    padding: 0.5rem;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .news-thumb-wrap,
  .writing-thumb-wrap,
  .thumb-wrap {
    max-width: 96px; /* when used inline in small list, keep them small */
    flex: 0 0 96px;
    height: 0;
    padding-bottom: 66.66%; /* ~3:2 aspect giving taller preview */
  }

  /* But when cards are stacked (due to flex-direction: column above), enforce full width */
  .news-link.column .thumb-wrap,
  .writing-link.column .thumb-wrap {
    max-width: 100%;
    flex: none;
    padding-bottom: 56.25%;
  }

  /* Ensure image shows whole image on tiny screens too */
  .thumb-wrap img {
    object-fit: contain;
  }
}

/* Accessibility focus */
.news-link:focus,
.writing-link:focus {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(115, 59, 255, 0.18);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
/* ============================
presentations.html - Responsive YouTube and Canva Embeds
   Original: https://css-tricks.com/NetMag/FluidWidthVideo/Article-FluidWidthVideo.php
   Modified for this site
============================= */
.video-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 aspect ratio (9/16 = 0.5625) */
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
/* Grid container */
.embeds-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem; /* space between cards */
  grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* default: 1 column */
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Medium screens: 2 columns */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .embeds-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

/* Large screens: 3 columns */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .embeds-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

/* Card wrapper (optional visual styles) */
.embed-card {
  background: var(--card-bg, #fff);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(63, 69, 81, 0.08);
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

/* Inner wrapper to preserve aspect ratio and make iframe responsive */
/* Default: 16:9 aspect ratio (56.25%) for videos */
.embed-inner {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding-top: 56.25%; /* 16:9 */
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Special case for Canva (taller): override aspect ratio */
.embed-inner.canva {
  padding-top: 159.5745%; /* original Canva ratio you used */
}

/* Make iframe fill the wrapper */
.embed-inner iframe {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
  display: block;
}

/* Caption styling */
.embed-caption {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--muted-text, #333);
  padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
  margin: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

/* Make caption links visible and accessible */
.embed-caption a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Optional: center captions on narrow cards */
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .embed-caption {
    text-align: center;
  }
}

/*=============================
   Research Page Styles for Coursework Tile Grid
   ============================ */
/* --- Ensure default: show svg on desktop --- */
.media-img {
  display: block !important; /* force visible on desktop */
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 225px; /* requested max width */
  max-height: 400px; /* requested max height */
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* Keep mobile title hidden by default */
.mobile-title {
  display: none;
}

/* Desktop / wide screens: left column fixed width, image visible */
@media (min-width: 761px) {
  .course-link {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  .media-col {
    flex: 0 0 225px;
    max-width: 225px;
    max-height: 400px;
    padding: 0.25rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .media-img {
    display: block !important;
  }
  .mobile-title {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

/* Mobile / small screens: hide svg, show mobile title */
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .course-link {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .media-col {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    position: relative;
  }
  .media-img {
    display: none !important; /* hide svg on mobile */
  }
  .mobile-title {
    display: block !important; /* show styled text title on mobile */
    font-family:
      "Mitchaella Modern Free",
      Roboto,
      -apple-system,
      "Helvetica Neue",
      Arial,
      sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.075rem;
    color: #733bff;
    line-height: 1.1;
    text-align: left;
  }
}

/* visually-hidden helper */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  height: 1px;
  width: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
}

/* container spacing */
#coursework-list {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  display: block;
}

/* Each row = one item; make them separated */
.course-item {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.course-link {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 0.85rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition:
    transform 0.12s ease,
    box-shadow 0.12s ease;
}

.course-link:hover,
.course-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(20, 40, 80, 0.06);
  background: #fbfcff;
}

/* LEFT column (image) — fixed box up to requested max */
.media-col {
  flex: 0 0 225px; /* fixed column width */
  max-width: 225px;
  max-height: 400px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 0.25rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* constrain image to media-col while preserving aspect ratio */
.media-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 400px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* RIGHT column (abstract) — takes remaining width */
.content-col {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0; /* important so text will truncate properly when needed */
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.excerpt {
  margin: 0;
  color: #222;
  line-height: 1.45;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

/* Accessibility focus ring */
.course-link:focus-visible {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(115, 59, 255, 0.18);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

/* -------------------------
     Responsive: on small screens stack and show text title instead of svg
     ------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .course-link {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  /* media-col becomes full width area; we'll hide SVG and show mobile title inside it */
  .media-col {
    flex: none;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    position: relative;
    height: auto;
  }

  .media-img {
    display: none; /* hide svg on mobile */
  }

  /* Mobile title: large, stylish, purple */
  .mobile-title {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
    font-family:
      "Mitchaella Modern Free"
      Roboto,
      -apple-system,
      "Helvetica Neue",
      Arial,
      sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.075rem;
    color: #733bff;
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  /* abstract sits below title */
  .content-col {
    padding-top: 0;
  }
}

/* Very small screens: tighter spacing */
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .course-link {
    padding: 0.6rem;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .mobile-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .excerpt {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   BLOG (blog/index.html, blog/post.html)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
/* --- Hero Section Styles --- */
#blog-hero {
  min-height: 89vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 4rem 2rem; /* Increased padding for better visual balance */
  background: var(--clr2);
}

#blog-hero h1 {
  font-size: 3.5rem; /* Larger font size */
  color: var(--clr1);
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

#blog-hero p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: var(--clr3);
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 80%; /* Limit text width for readability */
}

/* --- Blog Topics Section --- */
.blog-topics {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  z-index: 1000;
}
/* Blog Grid container */
.blog-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem; /* space between cards */
  grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* default: 1 column */
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Medium screens: 2 columns */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .blog-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

/* Large screens: 3 columns */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .blog-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

/* Card wrapper (optional visual styles) */
.blog-card {
  background: var(--card-bg, #fff);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(63, 69, 81, 0.08);
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}